Safety standards are an important consideration in the specification of an AC/DC or DC/DC converter. Standards continuously evolve and their requirements differ between end applications, sometimes significantly. IEC/EN 60950-1 for IT equipment safety has been applied to many products as a ‘default’ standard, along with IEC/EN 60065 for audio/visual equipment but both are due to be withdrawn completely in December 2020. An alternative, IEC/EN 62368-1, now applies but there may also be other standards that are more appropriate to the end application. A paper by Zentralverband Elektrotechnik und Elektronikindustrie e.V. (ZVEI) linked below gives guidance on the selection of the right standard to apply.